PlagueBlog

Double Dipping

2009-11-24T23:32:00.002-05:00

Via ProMED-mail: the Charleston Daily Mail reports on a pediatrician who came down with swine flu twice.

Parsons says she's spoken with CDC representatives about the results, and they said the double infection isn't all that unbelievable.
"They said this happens every year with seasonal flu, so there's no reason to expect that it wouldn't happen with swine flu," Parsons said. "Every flu strain can change a little bit."
The pediatrician says there may have been a tiny change in the virus that stopped her immune system from recognizing it or her body never built up immunity to it.

Iron and MS

2009-11-23T14:21:00.002-05:00

Via Twitter: The Globe and Mail reports on a researcher's personal obsession that led to an unexpected treatment for multiple sclerosis.

Fighting for his wife's health, Dr. Zamboni looked for answers in the medical literature. He found repeated references, dating back a century, to excess iron as a possible cause of MS. The heavy metal can cause inflammation and cell death, hallmarks of the disease. The vascular surgeon was intrigued – coincidentally, he had been researching how iron buildup damages blood vessels in the legs, and wondered if there could be a similar problem in the blood vessels of the brain.
Using ultrasound to examine the vessels leading in and out of the brain, Dr. Zamboni made a startling find: In more than 90 per cent of people with multiple sclerosis, including his spouse, the veins draining blood from the brain were malformed or blocked. In people without MS, they were not.
He hypothesized that iron was damaging the blood vessels and allowing the heavy metal, along with other unwelcome cells, to cross the crucial brain-blood barrier. (The barrier keeps blood and cerebrospinal fluid separate. In MS, immune cells cross the blood-brain barrier, where they destroy myelin, a crucial sheathing on nerves.)
More striking still was that, when Dr. Zamboni performed a simple operation to unclog veins and get blood flowing normally again, many of the symptoms of MS disappeared.

BU's Leaky Biolabs

2009-11-13T01:09:00.004-05:00

Via ProMED-mail: the Boston Globe reports on another BU researcher who accidentally brought his work home with him.

The genetic tests, conducted at the state laboratory in Jamaica Plain, compared a blood sample from the researcher with bacterial matter recovered from the lab where he was working on BU’s South End campus. “The bottom line,’’ said Dr. Anita Barry, top disease tracker at the Boston Public Health Commission, “is they matched.’’
The analysis erased any doubt about what caused the researcher to become sick last month and intensified investigations into precisely how he was exposed to a germ known as Neisseria meningitidis, which can cause meningitis.
The city’s biological lab safety division will review safety procedures in BU’s medical labs, to ensure that the school is doing everything possible to minimize researchers’ exposure to pathogens, Barry said.

I thought they did that last time.

PlagueBlog recommends moving to the suburbs before the new BU biolab opens downtown. And by "suburbs" I mean Maine.

Accidental Vaccinia

2009-11-08T23:29:00.003-05:00

Via ProMED-mail: the CDC reports on a case of vaccinia infection in an immunocompromised woman who handled rabies vaccine bait, in which a genetically modified version of variola's little sister is used. There's much more on the story and the history of vaccinia at ScienceBlogs.

Atypical Scrapie

2009-10-29T17:57:00.002-04:00

Via ProMED-mail: the New Zealand Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry reports on a case of atypical scrapie.

MAFBNZ Principal International Adviser Dr Stuart MacDiarmid says global knowledge about atypical scrapie/Nor 98 is evolving. The widely accepted mainstream scientific view is that it occurs spontaneously or naturally in very small numbers of older sheep in all sheep populations around the world.
"This positive detection of atypical scrapie/Nor 98 in a sheep from New Zealand's national flock reinforces that view. Every country that has conducted sufficient surveillance for atypical scrapie/Nor 98 has found it in their flocks. This includes most Scandinavian and EU countries, the UK, the USA and Canada," he says.
The detection does not change New Zealand's status as free from scrapie.

Mad Elk and Mad Fish

2009-10-07T22:20:00.002-04:00

Via ProMED-mail: last month, the New York Times reported on the spread of CWD among elk via fecal-oral transmission, due to preclinical shedding of prions.

Dr. Aiken said prions tended to bind to clay in soil and to persist indefinitely. When deer graze on infected dirt, prions that are tightly bound to clay will persist for long periods in their intestinal regions. So there is no chance chronic wasting disease will be eradicated, he said. Outside the laboratory, nothing can inactivate prions bound to soil. They are also impervious to radiation.

Also, Practical Fish Keeping reported last month on a study of mad cow and scrapie transmissibility to fish:

The authors found that while the bream never displayed clinical signs of spongiform encephelopathies during the study period, the brains of TSE-fed fish sampled two years after challenge showed signs of neurodegeneration and accumulation of deposits that reacted positively with antibodies raised against sea bream PrP. The control groups, fed with brains from uninfected animals, showed no such signs.

Swine Flu Shots vs. Seasonal Flu Shots

2009-10-01T22:28:00.003-04:00

Via ProMED-mail: temperatures are still high in Canada, where the Globe and Mail reports that two and a half provinces have rebelled against seasonal flu shots in reaction to as-yet-unpublished research showing that a seasonal flu shot makes people more susceptible to swine flu.

The hodge-podge of vaccination strategies comes after a controversial, unpublished study suggested that people under 50 are twice as likely to contract the H1N1 virus if they have received a seasonal flu shot compared to unvaccinated people.
With no data revealing the optimal way of rolling out vaccines against the looming double threat of seasonal flu and the pandemic swine flu virus, the abrupt changes by provinces and territories could create disarray in inoculation programs, with fewer people turning up for either shot, potentially resulting in more cases of severe illness.
New Brunswick's public health authorities, skeptical about the science behind the Canadian study, have moved up seasonal flu shots for all their residents to October before proceeding to the pandemic vaccine campaign. Meanwhile, Quebec and Nunavut are deferring their seasonal flu campaigns until after their H1N1 mass vaccination clinics.

Shaken Baby Syndrome

2009-09-23T00:03:00.003-04:00

Radley Balko at Reason Online reports on growing doubts about "shaken baby syndrome":

The phrase shaken baby syndrome entered the pop culture lexicon in 1997, when British au pair Louise Woodward was convicted of involuntary manslaughter in the death of Massachusetts infant Matthew Eappen. At the time, the medical community almost universally agreed on the symptoms of SBS. But starting around 1999, a fringe group of SBS skeptics began growing into a powerful reform movement. The Woodward case brought additional attention to the issue, inviting new research into the legitimacy of SBS. Today, as reflected in the Edmunds case, there are significant doubts about both the diagnosis of SBS and how it's being used in court.
In a compelling article published this month in the Washington University Law Review, DePaul University law professor Deborah Teurkheimer argues that the medical research has now shifted to the point where U.S. courts must conduct a major review of most SBS cases from the last 20 years. The problem, Teurkheimer explains, is that the presence of three symptoms in an infant victim—bleeding at the back of the eye, bleeding in the protective area of the brain, and brain swelling—have led doctors and child protective workers to immediately reach a conclusion of SBS. These symptoms have long been considered pathognomic, or exclusive, to SBS.

If you're really interested, you can dig up some ideas about alternate causes of SBS at this blog.

Mattel Exempted Itself from Lead Testing

2009-09-17T14:00:00.002-04:00

Via Purple Pawn: The LA Times reported late last month that Mattel had lobbied itself out of third-party lead testing of its products.

"It's really ironic that the company that was a principal source of the problem" is now getting favorable treatment from the government, said Michael Green, executive director of the Center for Environmental Health in Oakland.
Mattel is getting a competitive advantage, Green said, because smaller companies must pay independent labs to do the tests. Testing costs can run from several hundred dollars to many thousands.

Medical Isotope Shortage

2009-09-03T12:24:00.002-04:00

Via Orthoprax: the Journal of the American Medical Association reports on the ongoing "critical" shortage of medical isotopes (^99mTc) due to a reactor shutdown in Canada.

The shortage was expected to be exacerbated by the temporary closing of the Netherlands reactor for a month-long maintenance inspection from July 18 to August 18. Because the isotopes have a relatively short half life, they cannot be stockpiled.
Canadian authorities said they were working with medical isotope distributors and others to maximize the use of existing isotope supplies and with other international producers to increase isotope production and to coordinate shutdowns and other operations.

Since the journal article was written, the reopening of the Ontario reactor has been pushed into 2010, causing some trouble for the company that sells the isotopes, the Canwest news service reports:

Life sciences company MDS Inc. said Wednesday it has agreed to sell its analytical technologies division to Danaher Corp. for $650 million in cash and is also looking to unload its pharma business.
The Mississauga, Ont.-based company cited the recession and the prolonged shutdown of the National Research Universal reactor in Chalk River, Ont., as its reasons for the sales, which will allow MDS to focus on its isotope business, MDS Nordion.
Stephen DeFalco, chief executive at MDS, said the company still expects the reactor to restart in spring 2010.

A Cure for MS?

2009-08-15T21:44:00.002-04:00

Via a mailing list: Science Daily reports that multiple sclerosis has been reversed in mice.

The new treatment, appropriately named GIFT15, puts MS into remission by suppressing the immune response. This means it might also be effective against other autoimmune disorders like Crohn's disease, lupus and arthritis, the researchers said, and could theoretically also control immune responses in organ transplant patients. Moreover, unlike earlier immune-supppressing therapies which rely on chemical pharamaceuticals, this approach is a personalized form of cellular therapy which utilizes the body's own cells to suppress immunity in a much more targeted way.
GIFT15 was discovered by a team led by Dr. Jacques Galipeau of the JGH Lady Davis Institute and McGill's Faculty of Medicine. The results were published August 9 in the prestigious journal Nature Medicine.
GIFT15 is composed of two proteins, GSM-CSF and interleukin-15, fused together artificially in the lab. Under normal circumstances, the individual proteins usually act to stimulate the immune system, but in their fused form, the equation reverses itself.

A caveat: this appears to be an early-stage treatment that may not reverse existing damage to the nerves.

Not Your Grandfather's Influenza After All

2009-08-14T00:26:00.003-04:00

Via ProMED: News1130 reports that swine flu may not be coming back in a more virulent form in the fall, because the Spanish Flu may not have done so.

Virologist Dr. Jeffery Taubenberger, along with co-author and medical historian Dr. David Morens, argues there is no firm evidence that the 1918 virus ratchetted up in virulence in a fall wave - because there is no solid proof outbreaks of illness in the U.S. in the spring of 1918 were caused by the same virus.
Their commentary, published in this week's issue of the Journal of the American Medical Association, suggested changes in virulence or transmissibility of the current pandemic virus are not inevitable. In fact, they wrote, there are reasons to hope for "a more indolent pandemic course and fewer deaths" than seen in many previous pandemics.

Superbug Enzyme in Britain

2009-08-12T22:06:00.002-04:00

Via an unnamed source: the BBC reports on a new "superbug" in the UK, a shared antibiotic-eating enzyme imported from India.

The enzyme, called New Delhi Metallo-1, has so far been found attached to bacteria that has caused urinary tract infections and respiratory infections.
It is of particular concern because it can jump from one strain of bacteria to another meaning it could attach itself to more dangerous infections that can cause severe illnesses and blood poisoning making them almost impossible to treat.
The NDM-1 enzyme destroys a group of antibiotics called carbapenems which are mainly used in Britain for severe infections and are tightly controlled because they are one of the few groups of antibiotics that remain useful against bacteria that have already developed resistance to the commonly used drugs.

Plague in China

2009-08-11T12:52:00.003-04:00

Via an unnamed source: the BBC reported last week on the rising plague death toll in China.

A BBC correspondent in Beijing, Michael Bristow, says that unlike in the past the authorities are being very open about this outbreak.
Local officials in north-western China have told the BBC that the situation is under control, and that schools and offices are open as usual.
But to prevent the plague spreading, the authorities have sealed off Ziketan.

Today the WHO reported on the situation, which seems to be under control:

According to the epidemiological investigation, the source of this outbreak was a wild marmot, which had contact with the dog of the index case. Ziketan is in an area of natural plague bacteria circulation amongst animals and at the present time it is the active season for plague transmission amongst animals. No drug resistance of the bacterium has been found so far and the 3 death cases have been attributed largely to delayed treatment.

Beware the Bitter Lupini

2009-08-03T00:57:00.002-04:00

Via ProMED-mail: the Brisbane Times reports on two cases of lupini bean poisoning in Australia.

They suffered blurred vision, light-headedness, lethargy and had difficultly walking.
"Fortunately, neither of the two women who presented to hospital became seriously ill," says Nevada Pingault, an epidemiologist at WA Health's Communicable Disease Control Directorate.
"But lupin poisoning can be fatal."
An investigation revealed a quantity of bitter lupins had been milled into flour to meet a local shortage in supply.

Flu Ship

2009-08-02T01:02:00.002-04:00

On the Typhoid Traveller front, via an unnamed source, the BBC reported on Friday that large numbers of crew on a cruise ship in the south of France were suffering from a flu-like illness.

It has now gone on to Marseille. The authorities there say neither passengers nor crew will be allowed to disembark until further tests have been carried out on their health.
"Based on the results, a decision will be made on whether or not passengers can disembark," a statement from the local prefecture, or local government, said.

Refrigerate After Opening

2009-07-20T23:14:00.000-04:00

Via twitter: Wired reports on a company that's making beer from Eocene yeast recovered from amber.

Lambert and Cano had toyed with the idea for 12 years. Before Ambergene went under, the company made a batch on a lark. "We called it Jurassic Amber Ale or T-Rex Lager or something, and it was pretty good," Cano says. It was served at his daughter's wedding, and they even sent some to the Jurassic Park 2 cast party. That experiment had Cano and Lambert itching to release a beverage commercially. But they wanted it to be something respectable.

Needless to say, PlagueBlog recommends against eating anything that's over 40 million years old. In fact, only under the most extraordinary circumstances should you eat anything over 4 years old.

Fido Fricassee

2009-07-16T21:49:00.003-04:00

ProMED-mail reports five recent cases of trichinosis "due to consumption of stray dog meat," with a total of nine cases this year.

PlagueBlog recommends against eating housepets, and especially not strays. You don't know where they've been.

Rabid Foxes

2009-07-02T20:17:00.003-04:00

Via an unnamed source: WBZ reported a rabid fox attack Tuesday in Worcester. The victim was a 76-year-old woman who'd been gardening. The good Samaritan who held off the fox until the police shot him was also bitten. The fox was apparently known to police:

They believe this was the same fox that had been seen in the neighborhood the night before. One man was bitten, and two cats were also attacked.

There was a similar fox showdown in Pennsylvania in May.

More Recalls

2009-07-01T13:44:00.002-04:00

Via an unnamed source: WBZ reports that Dunkin Donuts is temporarily cutting off the Dunkaccinos due to salmonella contamination at their chocolate supplier.

Via twitter: the AP reports that Shaws, Star, and Big Y are recalling some tuna steaks sold last week due to histamine.

Symptoms may include tingling or burning sensation in the mouth, rash on the face and upper body, hives and itching of skin, nausea, vomiting or diarrhea.

Don't Flu Party

2009-06-30T23:52:00.001-04:00

Via an unnamed source: British doctors feel the need to warn people against holding flu parties. Flu partiers want immunity while the virus is still mild, but doctors there are instead trying to contain the outbreak.

Update (July 1st): Schott's Vocab also covers "vigilante vaccination."

Where's the beef?

2009-06-29T21:38:00.003-04:00

I went to see Food, Inc. with my unnamed sources last week, and one of them has already found a topical CNN report of yet another E. coli recall.

The beef products were produced on April 21 and were distributed nationally and internationally, the USDA said. Boxes of the recalled product bear the establishment number "EST. 969" inside the USDA mark of inspection, the identifying package date of "042109" and a time stamp ranging from "0618" to "1130," the statement said.
It added that some of the beef products might have undergone further processing and might not have the "EST. 969" marking on products for sale directly to consumers.
The USDA urged customers with concerns to contact their point of purchase of the beef products.

In other words, God only knows whether the smoking beef is in your freezer right now.

E. coli Cookie Update

2009-06-23T15:00:00.002-04:00

Thanks to an unknown source for yesterday's CDC update to the E. coli cookie dough situation:

As of Monday, June 22, 2009, 70 persons infected with a strain of E. coli O157:H7 with a particular DNA fingerprint have been reported from 30 states. Of these, 41 have been confirmed by an advanced DNA test as having the outbreak strain; these confirmatory test results are pending on the others. The number of ill persons identified in each state is as follows: Arizona (2), California (3), Colorado (5), Connecticut (1), Delaware (1), Georgia (1), Hawaii (1), Iowa (2), Illinois (5), Kentucky (3), Massachusetts (4), Maryland (2), Maine (3), Minnesota (6), Missouri (2), Montana (1), North Carolina (2), New Hampshire (2), New Jersey (1), Nevada (2), Ohio (3), Oklahoma (1), Oregon (1), Pennsylvania (2), South Carolina (1), Texas (3), Utah (2), Virginia (2), Washington (5), and Wisconsin (1).

As advised by the CDC, PlagueBlog reminds you that you should not eat raw food products that are intended for cooking or baking before consumption, no matter how yummy they may appear.

The Pandemic in Boston

2009-06-16T00:58:00.004-04:00

Declared a pandemic on Thursday, swine flu has already claimed its first casualty outside the Americas and its first death in Massachusetts.

On the bright side, at least we aren't warehousing the ill in a tent camp on Summit Hill...yet. (Massachusetts news via Universal Hub.)

Flu Mask

2009-06-02T16:35:00.002-04:00

Via GeekPress: a mask spotted by Movin' Meat.